The Warden

The Warden is a Victorian novel by Anthony Trollope. First published in 1855, it’s the first novel in the Chronicles of Barsetshire series, and it features a clergyman debating what to do with a huge sum of money he’s received. The book is widely regarded as one of the most popular books from the Victorian era, although it’s much shorter than most Victorian novels. Trollope was one of the most respected Victorian novelists. His books all comment on political, gender, and social issues, and the problems with Victorian morality. The Chronicles of Barsetshire novels are among his best-known works.

The Warden is set in the fictional town of Barchester, Barsetshire. It takes place in an almshouse called Hiram’s Hospital. Hiram’s looks after elderly laborers and farmworkers who can’t earn a living anymore. A wealthy man called John Hiram established the almshouse centuries ago, and it now runs on charitable donations.

The protagonist is a man called Reverend Septimus Harding. Harding is 50 years old and he has two daughters, Susan and Eleanor. He is a quiet, well-mannered, and conscientious man, and he dedicates his life to looking after others. Money isn’t a concern to him—he’d rather earn a priest’s measly salary than work for any corrupt and wealthy organization—but he needs money to support Eleanor until she gets married. His eldest daughter, Susan, is already married to the archdeacon, Dr Grantly.



One day, Barchester Cathedral appoints Harding as the new precentor. Alongside looking after Barchester Cathedral, Harding must also serve as warden to Hiram’s Hospital. Harding gets money based on how much Hiram’s is worth, and its value increases each year. It’s not long before Harding earns an impressive income, most of which he spends on Eleanor and the elderly men under his wardship.

It’s not long before Eleanor finds a man to love. She falls for a local doctor called John Bold. John is a respected surgeon and political activist. He campaigns for fairness and reform, and he despises corruption. Although Eleanor assures him that there’s nothing corrupt about Hiram’s, John isn’t so sure. He doesn’t believe that Harding spends his money properly, and he’s determined to put things right.

John approaches a lawyer for advice. He says that there’s a problem with how Harding divides the income between himself, the hospital grounds, and the men in his care. John says that he can’t consider marrying Eleanor while her father behaves this way. Eleanor’s distraught, but she wants to marry John. Harding doesn’t know what to do about John, because he knows that he’s a good warden.



Harding asks Dr Grantly what he thinks about it all. Dr Grantly warns Harding that John is a loose cannon and a troublemaker. Harding’s doing nothing wrong, and he must stand his ground or else risk his whole reputation. Dr Grantly’s confidence in him gives Harding the self-assurance to stand up to John.

John, unsurprisingly, refuses to back down. He takes matters public by approaching a reporter at the Jupiter newspaper. This reporter runs smear stories against Harding and Hiram’s. The reporter portrays Harding as a horrible, selfish, miserly man who treats his wards poorly. Big-name politicians, including Sir Abraham Haphazard, the Attorney General of the Cabinet, back John’s case, and everyone turns against Harding.

All the while, Harding stands his ground. He focuses on running good church services, looking after his wards, and playing his much-loved violoncello. However, he can’t stop worrying about the case. He fears that John’s right, and that he’s somehow misappropriating funds. The original donor, John Hiram, didn’t stipulate how the warden should divide the estate’s income, but Harding can’t help feeling guilty about the money he holds.



Meanwhile, the residents of Barchester turn against Harding. They petition the local government to remove him from office. Eleanor dumps John because she can’t marry someone who slanders her father. Harding contemplates resigning and moving to another church where they haven’t heard anything about Hiram’s.

John tries to win back Eleanor, but she refuses to entertain him unless he stops the witch hunt. In the meantime, Dr Grantly and Susan stand by Harding. They remind him that, before he took over Hiram’s, no one looked after the wards. The men had no money at all, and they lived in penury. Harding’s completely turned Hiram’s around, and he should be proud of his accomplishments. Harding, however, doesn’t want to work there anymore.

Eleanor gives John an ultimatum—drop the case against Harding or never see her again. John agrees to drop the suit and he publicly apologizes to Harding. At the same time, Harding tells the papers that he’s resigning from office. He can’t look at Hiram’s the same way anymore. He moves to a tiny parish, St Cuthbert’s, and lives in poverty.



At the end of the book, Eleanor finally marries John. John and Dr Grantly make amends. Dr Grantly’s angry that he’s lost Harding, but he knows it’s for the best. Eleanor looks after Harding as best she can from afar. Hiram’s doesn’t fare very well—no one appoints a new warden. The men are left impoverished, hungry, and dejected. The moral lesson is that John’s supposedly moral crusade destroyed much more than it fixed.