Read up on some of the historical events Kuang used for inspiration, such as the Nanjing Massacre and Unit 731. Then, compare with the events of The Poppy War, such as the Golyn Niis Massacre or Shiro’s laboratory. What are the key similarities and differences? How do these events relate to the book’s major themes?

Discuss the role of violence in the text. Why are the war scenes depicted so graphically? What purpose does such detailed violence serve?

Why is there such an abrupt shift in setting around the book’s midway point? What are the consequences of the sudden dissolution of Sinegard Academy?