Shadows on the Rock

Shadows on the Rock is a 1931 novel by American author Willa Cather. Set in Quebec, Canada, it follows two French colonists, Euclide Auclair and his daughter, Cecile, during one year in the 1690s. The novel is considered a modernist work, since it departs from the genre’s narrative tradition; instead, its plot is moved along through the characterizations of its main characters.

The novel consists of four parts and an epilogue. Book I, “The Apothecary,” begins in Quebec in 1697. Euclide Auclair stands at the edge of the Cap Diamant, watching the remaining ships sail down the river towards France. He meets Cecile for dinner; afterward, Cecile gives food to a disabled man, Blinker, who does odd jobs for her family. It is Euclide’s eighth year in Quebec; in the beginning, he came at the request of a doctor, Count de Frontenac. Because Euclide’s wife died, Cecile has taken up the role of homemaker. At the end of this section, Euclide and Cecile take care of Reverend Mother Juschereau after she sprains her ankle. While she is recovering, she tells Cecile a story.

The second book, “Cecile and Jacques,” begins in October, on market day. Euclide goes to the market to pick up vegetables and then to church to pray. There, he sees Jacques, whose mother has been cast out of the church, praying. Cecile asks Governor Frontenac for some shoes to donate to Jacques. He thanks her for being charitable, and offers to give her something she wants as well. Her eye is drawn to a bowl of glass fruit. Frontenac says that the glass was made in Turkey, digressing into a story about his time there. Cecile takes some medicine to the nunnery, where she runs into Jacques again. On their way out, they encounter Bishop Laval, who once gave Jacques shelter from a snowstorm. Jacques, whose memory sometimes fails, does not fully remember it. Cecile brings him to the cobbler, where she is struck by the large array of wooden feet made exclusively for the wealthy. On Christmas Eve, Cecile receives a nativity scene from her Aunt Clotilde. She joins with Jacques to assemble the scene, and Jacques adds a handcrafted beaver.



Book III, “The Long Winter,” takes place several months later. A young bishop, Saint-Vallier, inquires at Euclide’s shop for fruit preserves. Euclide dislikes Saint-Vallier because he has an extravagant lifestyle yet is disdainful of the advances the parish has made in education and community outreach; he even refers to him as a courtier. More insight is given into the life of Blinker: he once worked as a torturer for the French king, against his will. Hoping to start a new life, he moved to Quebec, but he is still traumatized from his own crimes. Book IV, “Pierre Charron,” is a vignette in which the eponymous fur-trader comes looking for Euclide. He tells Euclide and Cecile stories of his travels, then goes with Cecile to visit some friends at the Île d'Orléans.

Book V, “The Ships from France,” begins as Jacques and Cecile observe five ships arriving in the harbor containing packages. As the people celebrate, Cecile opens two packages from her aunts in France. Each contains gifts of jewelry and clothes. Cecile has plans to travel back to France at the end of summer, but starts to regret the plan due to her blossoming friendship with the vulnerable Jacques. When she states her concern to her father, he ignores her. She then turns to the church for moral guidance, speaks to Bishop Laval, and prays.

In Book VI, “The Dying Count,” Count de Frontenac hears that he is no longer being summoned to France; therefore, Euclide and Cecile need not return there. He breaks the news to Euclide, telling him that he can return if he wishes, but Euclide decides to stay. The Count divulges that he has a terminal illness. He asks Euclide to take his bowl of glass fruit to Cecile, fulfilling his earlier offer to give her something she wants. Shortly after, he dies. Bishop Laval and Bishop Saint-Vallier reconcile. After long deliberation, Cecile chooses not to return to France, and to continue taking care of Jacques.



The novel’s epilogue takes place in 1713, fifteen years after Cecile and Euclide decide to stay in Quebec. Having been abroad in Europe, and imprisoned for several years in England, a newly humbled Bishop Saint-Vallier returns to Quebec. Cecile is now married to the fur trader Pierre Charron and is the happy mother of four young boys. While the fates and attitudes of its characters are never set in stone, Shadows on the Rock’s peaceful culmination is the result of its characters’ motivations to seek refuge in the wisdom of the church, as well as the classic virtues of prudence and temperance.