Philaster

“Philaster,” also known as “Love Lies a-Bleeding,” is a stage play written by Francis Beaumont and John Fletcher. The Jacobean-era play started the trend for tragicomedy with its plotlines of love, vengeance, disguise, and confusion. Although its exact date of origin is unknown, it is estimated that it was released in the early 1600s; the play was performed at the Globe and Blackfriars theatres, and was performed at court twice in the winter of 1612–13. Beaumont and Fletcher wrote together for close to a decade, but it was “Philaster” that put them on the map and launched the tragicomedy genre. The play was performed for over thirty years, making Beaumont and Fletcher the only authors besides Shakespeare and Jonson to be granted the accolade of a posthumous collection of their plays in Folio.

The play is set in a fictionalized version of Sicily and tells the story of Prince Philaster, a nobleman in the royal court. The King of Calabria, who has taken the crown of Sicily from Philaster’s now-deceased father, fears the young prince because he is the rightful heir to the throne. He knows he cannot kill the prince as it would risk an uprising of the loyal countrymen. So the King devises a plan: he will marry off his daughter Arethusa to a Spanish prince, Pharamond, which would make Pharamond his rightful heir and usurp Philaster.

Philaster is an outspoken and unrestrained prince. When he discovers that Pharamond plans to marry Arethusa, Philaster tells him it would only happen over his dead body. Upon hearing this, the King instructs Philaster to curtail his words. Philaster refuses to remain quiet until he is better treated, and then believes that he is possessed by the spirit of his late father. In response to his request, the King promises Philaster aid by the loyal Lord Dion and by two noble gentlemen, Cleremont and Thrasilene.



As for Arethusa, she is in love with Philaster and declares her feelings for him, knowing he would never make the first move. Philaster is delighted and together they devise a scheme to use Philaster’s servant, Bellario, to serve Arethusa and help hide their love. Meanwhile, Arethusa exposes Pharamond's affair with Megra, a gentlewoman of the court, thereby ruining her father’s plans to marry her to the Spaniard. Pharamond seeks revenge by spreading rumors that Arethusa is having an affair with Bellario. The passionate Philaster believes the rumors and is devastated.

Arethusa, equally distraught that Philaster believes the vicious rumors, decides to end her life during the royal hunt. As she is about to commit the act, Philaster discovers her. She begs him to kill her, and because he is so betrayed, he stabs her and intends on turning the weapon on himself. However, a passing man discovers the scene after Philaster stabs Arethusa and interferes. The men fight and both are wounded. Philaster crawls away to hide and Arethusa is discovered by nobles of the court.

Bellario, knowing Philaster is in danger of arrest for murder, falsely confesses that he attacked Arethusa out of a desire for revenge. Because of this action, Philaster becomes convinced of Arethusa’s innocence. He surrenders, is arrested, and sentenced to death. Under pretense of revenge, the Princess convinces the King to place Philaster in her charge. They quickly marry, which forces the King to sentence her to death as well. The citizens, however, are loyal to Philaster and so they capture Pharamond and hold him hostage. At the same time, Arethusa’s alleged affair with Bellario is exposed when Bellario is revealed to be a disguised female – she is Euphrasia, a woman of the court who is infatuated with Philaster. Philaster convinces the unruly mob to release Pharamond, who retreats to Spain in disgrace. The King is grateful to Philaster for saving Pharamond’s life and silencing the uprising, and restores him to the crown. Arethusa offers Bellario/Euphrasia a position as her lady-in-waiting as a reward for her loyalty.