Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens

Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens is a children’s novel by J.M. Barrie, published in 1906 with original illustrations by Arthur Rackham. Although it features J.M. Barrie’s most famous character, Peter Pan, the relationship between Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens and Barrie’s play Peter Pan, or the Boy Who Wouldn’t Grow Up, is ambiguous. In some respects, Kensington Gardens is a prequel to the play: Peter Pan is only one week old in the novel, which recounts how Peter acquired some of the characteristics he has in the play, including the ability to fly and his friendship with fairies. However, the novel also suggests that Peter Pan will never age (making it impossible for him to become the boy-hero of the play), and the novel’s magic works differently to the play’s. The novel’s publication history is also complex. Although it was published after the success of Barrie’s play, its text is almost identical to a section of Barrie’s earlier novel The Little White Bird, which was published before the play. Most students of Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens have concluded that it is simply an alternative version of the most famous Peter Pan story.

Peter is a seven-day-old infant. Like all infants, he used to be a bird. When he overhears a conversation about his adult life, he decides to return to the island in Kensington Garden where all London’s babies come from. As a former bird, he knows perfectly well that he can fly, so he flies there. However, when he arrives at the island, a resident crow, Solomon Caw, invites Peter to look at himself: thus Peter discovers that he is no longer a bird. Solomon explains that Peter is neither bird nor infant: he is a “Betwixt-and-Between.” Now that he knows he is no longer a bird, Peter cannot fly, and he is stuck on the island.

Bored with life on the island, Peter devises a plan to get across the water to the Gardens proper. He approaches Solomon and asks the crow to help him persuade the thrushes to build him an oversized nest to use as a boat. At first, Solomon refuses, but after Peter gives him one of the five pounds he has found on the island, Solomon agrees to talk to the thrushes. They take payment from Peter and build him a large nest, which he uses to leave the island.



Peter learns that the Gardens are inhabited by fairies, who wait until Lock-Out Time (when the gates of the Gardens are barred and people cannot come in), and then emerge from hiding to hold fabulous balls. Peter’s sudden appearance terrifies them, but when they realize he poses no threat, they come to find his human appearance and behavior amusing. The Queen of the Fairies asks him to play the panpipes to accompany their dancing and he agrees.

For many nights, Peter plays the pipes, joining in the fairies’ dances, but he begins to tire of the repetitive life and to wonder what is happening in his home. One night, the Queen offers to grant him one wish, in exchange for a particularly exciting performance. Peter wishes to return to his mother. The fairies are dismayed at losing their musician, but they are bound to grant his wish. They give him the power to fly home, where Peter sees his mother. She seems sad, and Peter feels guilty. He returns to the Gardens one last time, to say goodbye to the fairies before returning to his home for good.

However, he stays in the Gardens for longer than he means to. The next time he flies to his house, he sees through the window that his mother has a new baby and that she is content. Heartbroken, Peter returns to the Gardens.



The story’s focus switches to a girl called Maimie Mannering, who sneaks into the gardens after Lock-Out Time to see the fairies’ ball. On her way to the ball, she frees a fairy who has become stuck in the mud. Grateful to Maimie, the fairy advises her to stay away from the fairies, who don’t like to be watched by humans.

However, catching a glimpse of the ball, Maimie is mesmerized, and she stays to watch. When the fairies catch her, they are angry and she is forced to flee, hiding eventually under a bush, where she falls asleep. The fairy that Maimie rescued persuades the other fairies not to harm her, and, instead, they build a house around her while she sleeps.

When Maimie wakes up, she meets Peter Pan. They become the best of friends, and Peter asks Maimie to marry him. Maimie realizes that her mother must miss her, so she leaves Peter to return home. As she grows up, however, she continues to leave him presents and letters, culminating in the gift of an imaginary goat, on which Peter can ride around the gardens.