Egypt’s colonial history plays a significant role in shaping the context of Midaq Alley. Egypt was under British colonial rule from 1882 until 1922, and Britain’s colonial presence had significant implications for modern Egypt’s socio-political and economic landscape. During colonial rule, the British controlled key aspects of the Egyptian government, including defense, foreign affairs, and financial matters. This led to widespread discontent among the Egyptian population, sparking nationalist movements and demands for full independence. The Egyptian Revolution began in 1919, when various political parties, including the Wafd Party, emerged to advocate for self-governance. In 1922, the United Kingdom recognized the independent Kingdom of Egypt; however, in 1936, they signed the Anglo-Egyptian treaty, which permitted the British to maintain their military presence in Egypt, along with their control of the Suez Canal and Egyptian politics.

When World War II began in 1939, Britain still occupied Egypt. The British used Egypt as a base for military operations in the Mediterranean and Middle East, given its strategic geographical location. The Suez Canal, a critical maritime route, further underscored Egypt’s importance in the war effort. Although Egypt was not a major battleground like other parts of Europe or North Africa, it became a hub for military logistics and troop movements.