“The Gods of the Copybook Headings” by Rudyard Kipling (1919)

“Gods of the Copybook Headings” is a list of rules of human conduct that are so well-defined by centuries of experience that they have become indisputable. To ignore them, writes Kipling, will inevitably lead to failure and destruction.

“Invictus” by William Ernest Henley (1888)

“Invictus” (Latin for “unconquered”) is deeply descriptive and motivational. Like “If—,” “Invic-tus” is famous for its themes of willpower and strength in the face of adversity.

“The Man in the Arena” by Theodore Roosevelt (1910)

A passage from a speech entitled “Citizenship in a Republic,” delivered by Theodore Roosevelt in 1910, is referred to as “The Man in the Arena” because it involves someone who finds themselves in a situation that requires courage, skill, and tenacity.

“Desiderata” by Max Ehrmann (1927)

“Desiderata” is a didactic poem that Ehrmann wrote for his daughter. It contains practical advice for everyday life and moral and religious philosophy. Like “If—,” the advice it contains has been taken to heart by many people who wish to live authentic lives.

“Still I Rise” by Maya Angelou (1978)

A proclamation against the society that tried to dominate the poet as a Black American, “Still I Rise” expresses Angelou’s ability to overcome anything through self-esteem, self-respect, and confidence.