Barabbas

Barabbas is a 1950 novel by Swedish Nobel Prize-winning author Pär Lagerkvist. Set in the ancient Middle East, it retells the Biblical story of Barabbas, a man who was allegedly set free from the same prison as Jesus just before his crucifixion. The novel juxtaposes Jesus and Barabbas, who died first and last, respectively, out of three crucifixions. Jesus dies in the company of his friends and in dialogue with God, while Barabbas dies in solitude, speaking to no one. The novel proceeds chronologically, beginning with Jesus’s crucifixion in Jerusalem and ending with that of Barabbas in Rome.

The novel begins as Barabbas stands at the edge of a group of people who have congregated to observe Jesus’s crucifixion. Barabbas himself avoided death by sheer luck: thanks to the Passover, one man was permitted to be set free, and the crowd chose him. Given the new name “Barabbas, the acquitted,” he is condemned by Jesus’s disciples. When Barabbas is freed, he is compelled to follow the three other men sentenced to death to the hill called Golgotha. As he walks, he fixes his gaze on Jesus.

When Jesus dies on the cross, Barabbas watches his entombment. Then, he goes to Jerusalem, where he meets the woman known for witnessing Jesus’s resurrection, the Hare-Lipped Woman. She is later stoned for professing her Christian faith. Barabbas carries her corpse a long distance to bury her with her miscarried child. The text relates that the woman had previously taken care of Barabbas when he was wounded.



Back in Jerusalem, Barabbas surprises his friends, who assumed he was dead. They are hesitant to believe his claims that Jesus glowed, and the hill of Golgotha darkened, just before his crucifixion. Barabbas comes to doubt his own memories, writing them off as the failure of his eyes due to his time in a dark dungeon. He proceeds to try to learn more about Christianity but remains a skeptic. He makes money casually stealing from people. He is eventually enslaved for his crimes and put in a copper mine. There, he is chained to a Christian, Sahak. Sahak tells Barabbas that he has Christ’s mark on the medallion used to identify him as a slave, and copies the mark onto Barabbas’s medallion. Barabbas, having recently renounced Christianity, only briefly prays with Sahak. A slave boss interrogates Sahak about his faith and sends him to work in the fields. Sahak insists that Barabbas come with him, and they are sent to the fields together.

In the fields, a slave witnesses Sahak praying and asks him about his faith. Sahak shows him his mark, and the slave tells their overseers. A Roman governor interrogates Barabbas and Sahak about the mark on their medallions; Sahak challenges him, declaring that he only belongs to Christ. Barabbas states that he wishes to believe and permitted Sahak to draw the mark. The governor executes Sahak and enslaves Barabbas at his own home. Eventually, the governor moves to Rome, bringing Barabbas along.

In Rome, Barabbas lives in the governor’s basement. He notices the sign of the fish used to identify Christians and starts searching for another Christian slave. He eavesdrops on two men talking about the conference of a brotherhood and follows them to observe the event. He fails to find the meeting, but upon his return to the city, sees many of the buildings burning down. He deduces that Christians have started the fires, and joins in the name of Jesus. He is arrested and thrown in prison with practicing Christians who are innocent but still doomed to crucifixion. At the novel’s end, Barabbas is crucified in solitude, as he calls out, “To thee I deliver up my soul.”
Barabbas, while taking creative liberty with the story of Jesus’s crucifixion, suggests the possibility of divine justice and redemption from the evils of mankind.